John P. Wheeler III: Analysis When Evidence Is Limited Or Unavailable

CONTEX, as illustrated by the John P. Wheeler III case, is an analytical framework devised jointly by the analyst and AI tool Claude that is suitable when some evidence is present, but limited, or else unavailable at the time of the analysis.

Methodology and Limitations

Authorities have released limited information about the investigation into the death of John P. Wheeler III, with no further material expected. The gaps include, but are not limited to, the autopsy report¹ and forensic findings. These omissions impede strong analytical findings. However, this is a compelling case and it remains unsolved.

For this reason, The Intelligence Shop, in partnership with AI tool Claude, developed a new analytical technique with the goal of shedding light on a narrow aspect of Wheeler’s death. “CONTEX” (Circumstantial match, Occurrence probability, Necessary conditions, Trace expectations, Environmental feasibility, eXclusionary factors) is a method suited for cases with some evidence (as opposed to the TRACE Technique where there is none), but that evidence is either limited or unavailable at the time of the analysis.

The focus of this analysis is not to explore the psychological cascade that befell Wheeler on the last days of his life, but instead, to narrowly focus on who he may have encountered in the end and how that individual may have been involved in his passing.

Introduction

John P. Wheeler III, 66, a prominent figure in Washington, DC, politics, was last seen on a surveillance camera at 8:42 PM on 30 December 2010 walking through downtown Wilmington toward the city’s east side. The following morning, just before 10 AM, a landfill worker saw a body fall from a Waste Management truck as the truck’s contents were emptied into the refuse yard. It was that of John Wheeler. The truck had just come from picking up waste from 10 bins in Newark, Delaware, roughly 13 miles from Wilmington. How John Wheeler got to Newark and the events that took place in the last hours of his life have never been explained.

John P. Wheeler III

Wheeler was a West Point graduate and decorated Vietnam veteran, who went on to serve at the Pentagon, and then held roles in multiple presidential administrations. One of the more high-profile achievements in a distinguished career was his championing of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. John Wheeler also worked on chemical weapons policy and served as a consultant on national security matters.

Despite an impressive resume that spanned 50 years, Wheeler had his challenges. After his passing, his wife stated in an interview her husband had both bipolar disorder and Asperger’s syndrome. He was “confused daily,” “relied on visual clues,” and was poor at reading social situations.² He took medication for his bipolar disorder, and had spent time in the hospital in 2004³ for the condition.

28 December 2010 – 31 December 2010

On 28 December 2010, Wheeler left a family holiday gathering in New York, took a train to his job outside of Washington, D.C., and then returned home to New Castle, Delaware. Later that evening, the house across from the Wheelers — the subject of a recent, unsuccessful legal battle — was vandalized.⁴ John Wheeler’s cell phone was found at the scene.⁵ The following day, 29 December 2010, Wheeler left his home for the last time.

Due to the lost cell phone, Wheeler’s movement from 11:30 PM on 28 December 2010 and thereafter could only be tracked by a handful of surveillance cameras and eyewitness accounts.

On 29 December 2010, at 6:00 PM, Wheeler showed up at the New Castle pharmacy where he normally filled his prescriptions. He asked the pharmacist, who was familiar to him, for a ride to Wilmington. The pharmacist could not accommodate Wheeler, but offered to call him a cab, an offer that was declined. He described Wheeler as “different” and “a little upset.”⁶

Not long after, Wheeler managed to reach the New Castle County Courthouse. A surveillance video in the garage captured him appearing disheveled and carrying one loafer (NFI). He wasn’t wearing an overcoat despite temperatures of about 36 degrees.⁷ He asked the parking lot attendant if he could warm up before seeking out his car, which was later found not to be at that location. Two courthouse employees interacted with Wheeler about 7:30 PM. He told them he was having trouble finding his vehicle, but was also missing his garage ticket because his wallet and briefcase had been stolen. Wheeler turned down their offer to contact police as well as their offer of money, stating he had $120. Where he spent the night of the 29th is unknown.

The final sightings came from surveillance footage inside an office building at 8:30 PM on 30 December 2010, and then a few minutes later on 11th Street as he passed a hotel valet station and traveled in the direction of east Wilmington. He was now dressed in a dark hooded sweatshirt with the hood worn up.⁸

On 31 December 2010, Wheeler’s body was seen as a trash collection truck dumped its contents into the Cherry Island landfill in Wilmington. The truck had just come from Newark, Delaware — 12-15 miles southwest of Wilmington — where it collected trash from 10 commercial bins. Trash collection from the bins had begun at 4:20 AM that morning. The state medical examiner’s office later issued a press release that stated Wheeler “died as a result of blunt force trauma after being assaulted.” The official report was not disseminated.

Analysis

The analysis focused narrowly on two questions: (1) who did Wheeler encounter who played a role in his death, and (2) what circumstances surrounded his passing? To reach a point where an analysis could be reasonably conducted, the following assumptions were made. While they cannot be proven conclusively, they represent the simplest explanation given the available evidence.⁹

Assumptions:

1. Wheeler traveled from Wilmington to Newark of his own volition. He randomly boarded a DART First State bus in the vicinity of Rodney Square, Wilmington, to Newark, although the goal was not to reach Newark. The bus merely offered him an opportunity to warm up on a night where he was inappropriately dressed for temperatures hovering around 30 degrees with few other options available. (Analyst’s note: There were no reports of bus drivers coming forward to say they remembered Wheeler. The lack of reporting may stem from an increasingly disheveled appearance, a newly-acquired sweatshirt worn hood up, and disoriented behavior. Bus drivers in high-traffic urban environments are generally conditioned to accept all passengers unless they become disruptive.)
   • The alternative theory — that Wheeler was killed in Wilmington and transported to Newark — introduces unnecessary complexity. It requires a perpetrator with a means of transport and the willingness to move a body across jurisdictions.
2. The event(s) leading to his death happened near the bin in which his body was deposited. Following is the list provided by Newark Police of commercial bins picked up in the area; police did not specify the order in which they were collected.
   • WSFS Bank, College Square; Newark Library, Library Avenue; Gardens of White Chapel, White Chapel Drive; Hudson State Service Center, Ogletown Road; Newark Toyota, Marrows Road; McDonald’s, E. Main Street; Attila Wings, E. Main Street; Newark Emergency Center, E. Main Street; Bing’s Bakery, E. Main Street; Goodwill, Newark Shopping Center.

Hypotheses:

Of persons Wheeler may have encountered, the following hypotheses were considered.

1. Hit-and-run + panic disposal: Driver (impaired or not) strikes Wheeler, realizes it’s fatal, hides body to avoid detection.
2. Stranger violence: A non-premeditated encounter in which an agitated stranger or group — possibly impaired by alcohol or drugs, mentally unstable, or simply prone to disproportionate aggression — reacts violently to Wheeler’s confused demeanor or approach. The perpetrator(s), facing exposure for an unplanned killing, dispose of the body.
3. Predatory street crime: Wheeler, visibly disoriented and potentially appearing vulnerable, is targeted by an individual or group for robbery. An assault ensues and escalates fatally. The perpetrator disposes of the body to eliminate evidence.
4. Voluntary dumpster entry: Severely disoriented and possibly in physical distress, Wheeler climbs into the dumpster of his own accord — seeking shelter, warmth, or simply as an expression of profound confusion — and dies there from exposure, a medical event, or injuries sustained.

“CONTEX”

Step 1A: Examine each hypothesis against the following dimensions.

C — Circumstantial Match: How well does this scenario align with known circumstances? [time of day/night; weather conditions; location characteristics; victim’s observed state/behavior in final hours; speed of disposal]

O — Occurrence Probability: How frequently does this type of encounter happen? [in this specific city; in similar environments (i.e., college towns, winter nights); involving victims of Wheeler’s demographic; leading to fatal outcomes]

N — Necessary Conditions: What must be true for this scenario to work [geographic knowledge requirements; physical capability requirements; access to location/dumpster; timing windows]

T — Trace Expectations: What evidence should exist if this scenario occurred? [ physical evidence on body; witness potential; surveillance camera likelihood; digital footprint; scene characteristics]

E — Environmental Feasibility: Does the environment support this scenario? [i.e., homeless population, DUI activity, gang activity]

X — eXclusionary Factors: What makes this scenario less likely? [ Wheeler’s capabilities/limitations; inconsistencies with assumptions; logical gaps]

Step 1B: Score each dimension.

0 = Incompatible (contradicts known facts or requires implausible conditions); 1 = Unlikely (possible, but requires multiple low-probability factors; 2 = Plausible (could happen, some supporting factors; 3 = Probably (aligns well with circumstances and expectations); 4 = Highly consistent (strong alignment across multiple indicators)

Dimension	Calculation
C — Circumstantial Match	x 2
O — Occurrence Probability	x 1.5
N — Necessary Conditions	x 2
T — Trace Expectations	x 1.5
E — Environmental Feasibility	x 1
X — eXclusionary Factors	x 1.5

32-40: Strong candidate – highly consistent with available evidence 24-31: Viable scenario – worth serious consideration 16-23: Possible but significant gaps exist 8-15: Unlikely – requires too many assumptions 0-7: Implausible – contradicts key facts

• Hypothesis #1 | Hit-and-run + panic disposal: Driver (impaired or not) strikes Wheeler, realizes it’s fatal, hides body to avoid detection.

C — Circumstantial Match: The incident occurred on a Thursday night/early Friday morning, either the night before or very early morning hours of New Year’s Eve, the midst of the holiday season, and the University of Delaware’s winter break. (Analyst’s note: Newark is home to the University of Delaware, which is located in the downtown area.) This combination would lead to less traffic. It would also offer fewer potential witnesses if a vehicular accident occurred. It was not reported how well Wheeler might have known the area. He had exhibited signs of disorientation by that point. Disorientation, a potentially unfamiliar area, and nighttime hours may have led him to cross into streets erratically. Icy surfaces could have been an additional factor.

O — Occurrence Probability: Per the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the highest percentage of alcohol-impaired fatal crashes occurred between midnight and 3 AM (55 percent), followed by 3 AM to 6 AM (52 percent), and 9 PM to midnight (46 percent). Overall, four times more alcohol-involved fatal crashes occur at night than during the day (36 percent versus 9 percent).

The Newark Police Public Information Web site listed two alcohol-related incidents in 2010.

• In February 2010, a car drove onto the railroad tracks parallel to Elkton Road. A female driver was charged with DUI and other offenses involved in the incident.
• In September 2010, two female university students were struck by a car as they crossed a street outside of a marked crosswalk at 12:50 AM. Both had been drinking. Charges were pending against them. The driver was not cited.

Also in September 2010, the Newark Police Department initiated a program for the strong enforcement of pedestrian laws for the safety of both pedestrians and vehicles. The push was launched because the beginning of the university semester brought a significant increase in pedestrians, particularly in the areas of Delaware Avenue, Main Street, College Avenue, Cleveland Avenue, and Elkton Road.

N — Necessary Conditions: Gemini and Grok report the commercial dumpsters in the Newark area in 2010 were likely the front-load variety. The front-load model would require lifting a body from the ground three to four feet. Per Gemini: “The Single Perpetrator Scenario: Lifting 200 lbs of dead weight to a height of 3–4 feet is physically possible but extremely difficult for an average untrained male. It would typically require a ‘power lift’ or a ‘fireman’s carry’ followed by a shove.” If two or more friends/associates were in the vehicle, this hypothesis would be stronger. Inebriation would be a complicating factor.

T — Trace Expectations: There may be skid marks on the street, or bits of broken plastic or glass. Because of its occurrence on a street, there was a greater possibility of a security camera catching footage, or witnesses in the area. An individual involved in a hit-and-run + panic disposal would not have been focused on stealing items from the victim, which would support Wheeler still wearing his watch and class ring.

E — Environmental Feasibility: Wheeler is assumed to have disembarked the bus in the vicinity of the city center, which is home to the city’s nightlife, and adjacent to the University of Delaware, with multiple bars, restaurants, and social venues, so it was a logical environment for an intoxicated person or distracted driver to encounter a pedestrian who may have been acting unpredictably.

Also of note, a blizzard had passed through the area a few days before (26-27 December 2010), and may have left snow drifts, which could have obscured a driver’s view of Wheeler. Temperatures were reportedly around 30 degrees. Snow melt during the day would refreeze and lead to icy streets and sidewalks.

X — eXclusionary Factors: The primary weakness of this hypothesis is it did not conform to the coroner’s official opinion the death was due to blunt force trauma as a result of being assaulted.

• Hypothesis #2 | Stranger violence: A non-premeditated encounter in which an agitated stranger or group — possibly impaired by alcohol or drugs, mentally unstable, or simply prone to disproportionate aggression — reacts violently to Wheeler’s confused demeanor or approach. The perpetrator(s), facing exposure for an unplanned killing, dispose of the body.

C — Circumstantial Match: The Bureau of Justice Statistics reported between 2005-2010, approximately 42 percent of aggravated assaults were committed by persons not known to the victim. A search of the Newark Police Public Information archive found no reports of assault against strangers in 2010. An additional search for any assaults that occurred specifically during the month of December — the month the Wheeler assault occurred — did not find any relevant reports between 2018 and 2025.

Weather conditions affect the incidence of violent crime. Violent crime “typically peaks in the summer.” This is due to the number of persons outside in warmer weather, which corresponds with a larger victim pool. By this logic, violent crime in 30 degree conditions would be low.

Wheeler’s vulnerable, disoriented state could have provoked a violent overreaction from someone who was impaired, mentally unstable, or prone to aggression.

O — Occurrence Probability: Alcohol and drugs increase the risk of aggressive behavior because both tend to impair judgment and lower inhibitions. The Bureau of Justice Statistics reports, “On an average day in 1996, corrections authorities supervised an estimated 5.3 million convicted offenders. Nearly two million (36%) were drinking alcohol when they committed their conviction offense.”

• Anecdotally, on 4 October 2019, a man smoking outside a restaurant on South College Avenue in Newark was involved in an altercation with restaurant staff when a second individual stuck the victim in the back of the head causing him to fall to the ground and lose consciousness. The following day, it was learned the injury was severe enough to require emergency surgery. The perpetrator was later identified, arrested, charged with assault, and — in a separate incident — DUI.
• More recently, on 18 April 2024, a male victim became involved in an argument with two males who were not known to him. After being separated, one of the perpetrators turned back to the victim, knocked him to the ground, and then kicked him in the face. The victim suffered a serious physical injury and was transported to the hospital via ambulance. The incident occurred on East Main Street.

N — Necessary Conditions: One assumption is the incident occurred in the vicinity of the dumpster in which Wheeler was disposed, so little geographic knowledge would be necessary. It was simply a viable and available vessel in which to conceal the victim.

T — Trace Expectations: The coroner’s report was not available. If any of the “blunt force” injuries due to an assault drew blood, the scene of the incident — had it been identified — may have retained forensic evidence. An intoxicated/high individual whose focus was on an angry encounter would likely not think to check the victim for items worth selling/fencing, which would support Wheeler still wearing his watch and class ring.

E — Environmental Feasibility: Several of the 10 bins along the trash truck route were in areas Newark’s nightlife was concentrated. If visitors to the area were consuming alcohol, they may have been on the sidewalk waiting for taxis or walking home or back to the University of Delaware campus. Thus the environment would support an encounter between a volatile or inebriated stranger and Wheeler, who was in a disoriented state. The result could be an unpremeditated assault and post-assault disposal.

X — eXclusionary Factors: None.

Dimension	Raw Score	Weight	Analyst Score	AI (Claude) Score
Circumstantial match	1	x 2	2	4
Occurrence probability	3	x 1.5	4.5	3
Necessary conditions	2	x 2	4	6
Trace expectations	1	x 1.5	1.5	3
Environmental feasibility	2	x 1	2	3
eXclusionary factors	4	x 1.5	6	4.5
Total			20/40	23.5/40

• Hypothesis #3: Predatory street crime: Wheeler, visibly disoriented and potentially appearing vulnerable, is targeted by an individual or group for robbery. An assault ensues and escalates fatally. The perpetrator disposes of the body to eliminate evidence.

C — Circumstantial Match: Wheeler did not fit the profile of robbery victims in the Newark area. In 2010, there were nine incidents of street robberies against 12 victims, often students, with all victims under 30. (Ten of the 12 victims were between 19 and 21 years of age. The two “older” victims were 26 and 27.) Seven of the robberies involved two or more perpetrators, mostly in their teens and 20s.

O — Occurrence Probability: Street robbery did not appear to be a crime of significance in Newark in 2010. Nine incidents over a 12-month period amounted to 0.75 incidents per month. None involved Wheeler’s demographic, and none led to a fatal outcome.

N — Necessary Conditions: One assumption is the incident occurred in the vicinity of the dumpster in which Wheeler was disposed, so little geographic knowledge would be necessary. It was simply a viable and available vessel in which to conceal the victim.

In the event Wheeler was involved in a street robbery, the fact the perpetrators often worked in groups of two or more, would make it more feasible to lift his body into a dumpster. On the other hand, with each additional person in groups of two or more, the likelihood increases that one of its members will expose the details at some point to friends or family, or in relation to a plea deal if involved in subsequent criminal activity.

T — Trace Expectations: If Wheeler was assaulted on the street, there may be blood evidence, but authorities would have to identify the crime scene.

A few businesses in Newark did have security cameras, although there did not appear to be many, if any, focusing on street activity. Witnesses occasionally came forward in the cited robberies; but most of the detail came from victim testimony.

One confounding aspect of the case was the crime scene. Based on a press release from Newark Police, authorities identified Wheeler shortly after his body was found, narrowed down the dumpster location, and conducted a hasty autopsy. However, an immediate investigation in the vicinity of the dumpster(s) did not appear to have occurred. This may have been because Wheeler had such a strong presence in the preceding days in both New Castle and Wilmington.

E — Environmental Feasibility: The statistics indicate street robberies were not a significant crime in the area, but did exist due to demographics. Of those identified, most robberies appeared to have been committed by youthful offenders, mostly against college students.

X — eXclusionary Factors: When found, Wheeler was still in possession of his Rolex and West Point class ring. There was time to assault Wheeler and then lift his body into a dumpster, so the possibility the robbers failed to achieve their primary goal due to time constraints was not logical.

Dimension	Raw Score	Weight	Analyst Score	AI (Claude) Score
Circumstantial match	1	x 2	2	2
Occurrence probability	1	x 1.5	1.5	1.5
Necessary conditions	1	x 2	2	4
Trace expectations	1	x 1.5	1.5	1.5
Environmental feasibility	1	x 1	1	2
eXclusionary factors	0	x 1.5	0	0
Total			8.5/20	11/40

• Hypothesis #4: Voluntary dumpster entry: Severely disoriented and possibly in physical distress, Wheeler climbs into the dumpster of his own accord — seeking shelter, warmth, or simply as an expression of profound confusion — and dies there from exposure, a medical event, or injuries sustained.

C — Circumstantial Match: The time of night, weather conditions, and location characteristics all theoretically support voluntary dumpster entry. Temperatures were around 30 degrees, and it was largely a business district, thus, home to numerous commercial bins. Wheeler was mentally disoriented and physically vulnerable. A dumpster may have represented a hidden and secure space.

O — Occurrence Probability: There were no official statistics on the number of persons routinely crawling into dumpsters to keep warm. In 2017, The Guardian, US Edition, conducted a review of articles over a 10-year period and found at least 50 homeless persons had died while taking refuge in commercial bins. Some deaths occurred from natural causes, while others resulted from the trash compaction process. By this calculation, about five persons per year die from injuries sustained either directly or indirectly related to this cause.

N — Necessary Conditions: AI tools Gemini and Grok reported Newark used front-deposit bins in their commercial areas in 2010. Depending on size and model, the openings were three to four feet off the ground. The opening itself appeared to be large enough to support the entry of a grown man. In reality, though, Wheeler was a 66-year-old with ambulatory impairment (a pronounced limp). The “vertical lift” required to crest a 36-to-40-inch metal lip, with the additional challenge of degraded grip strength due with sub-freezing temperatures, is statistically improbable.

T — Trace Expectations: Had Wheeler crawled into the dumpster on his own, there would likely have been finger and palm prints along the edge as he attempted to hoist himself into the front opening. Fibers from his clothing may have also been caught around the door frame.

E — Environmental Feasibility: The availability of multiple dumpsters across a commercial area, which may represent a secure place to spend the evening out of the elements, could theoretically entice a desperate and/or disoriented man.

X — eXclusionary Factors: Wheeler lived a mainstream life for 66 years. While he took medication for bi-polar disorder, and appeared to be experiencing psychological trauma, the choice of crawling into a commercial dumpster to get out of the cold seemed implausible when there were traditional locations open late into the evening (i.e., fast food restaurants, convenience stores, and the urgent care facility on Main Street). These types of locations would be familiar to him. A person who had lived on the street for a period of time may have considered the option of a dumpster. But for a man who had lived a professional life for the better part of 66 years, this choice would likely not even be a consideration.

Adding to this, the physical challenges involved with Wheeler accessing the dumpster, whether front-loading or top-loading, renders this theory statistically improbable (see Necessary Conditions, above).

Finally, this theory does not support the medical examiner’s opinion the death resulted from an assault, with the manner of death, homicide, unless the autopsy results left room for interpretation.

Dimension	Raw Score	Weight	Analyst Score	AI (Claude) Score
Circumstantial match	2	x 2	4	4
Occurrence probability	1	x 1.5	1.5	1.5
Necessary conditions	0	x 2	0	0
Trace expectations	1	x 1.5	1.5	1.5
Environmental feasibility	2	x 1	2	2
eXclusionary factors	0	x 1.5	0	0
Total			9	9

Conclusion

Based on information currently available in the public realm, together with some calculated assumptions for a more workable analysis, the hypothesis that stands above others tested was H2 — Stranger violence — an impulsive, unplanned attack. Wheeler’s vulnerable state may have triggered the violence. This hypothesis aligns with the medical examiner’s ruling the death occurred from an assault. It explains the retained valuables, and it fits the environment. It doesn’t require complicated logistics. On the other hand, the local base rate of stranger assault violence in Newark is low, and cold weather reduces street activity. Although this was the strongest of the four hypotheses tested it earned a relatively low overall score of 20-23.5 out of possible 40 points.

H1, the possibility a distracted or intoxicated driver was involved in Wheeler’s death appeared a viable, if remote, possibility, but failed the critical test of matching the medical examiner’s finding of assault/homicide.

H4, voluntary entry into a bin as a refuge; and H3, street robbery, both had factors that eliminated them. In the case of voluntary entry, it was physically impossible for a man in Wheeler’s condition to breach the dumpster. In the case of street robbery, Wheeler retained his valuables.

New evidence or else newly-released evidence, a published or revised coroner’s report, or other critical, fresh information may result in a reassessment of the current results, a reorder of the hypotheses, and/or the development of new hypotheses to test.

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Postscript

CONTEX offered a novel way to approach an analysis when access to information is limited. It didn’t solve the case — admittedly, that’s unlikely without law enforcement cooperation — but it offered the systematic elimination of implausible scenarios, while identifying the most coherent explanation given available evidence.

CONTEX also did what structured methods do best: it offered transparency, an audit trail, and, on points of disagreement, the opportunity to pivot and follow a new direction. 

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1. The Netflix show Unsolved Mysteries covered this case. The analyst did not view the episode, however, per the Unsolved Mysteries Wiki, an investigative journalist who contributed to the episode claimed to have seen the John Wheeler autopsy. He reported: “There are several severe injuries listed, such as: punctured lung, broken ribs, and bleeding in the head. He also received bruises to the face and orbital bones, temples, and mouth. Finally, he suffered a heart attack.” As of 2011, a spokesman for Delaware Attorney General Beau Biden, stated, “The Department of Justice would not provide any information on how Wheeler was assaulted, what injuries he suffered, or what the results of the toxicology test were.” As the autopsy details came from this single, uncorroborated source, they cannot be confirmed. ↩︎
2. Yvonne Jessey, “Lesson learned from John Wheeler,” Philadelphia Examiner, 22 February 2011. ↩︎
3. Cris Parrish, “Former Pentagon official may be linked to smoke,” USA Today, 24 May 2011. ↩︎
4. Smoke bombs appear to have been set off in the property across from the Wheelers that had been the subject of a legal dispute between the Wheelers and their neighbors. ↩︎
5. The phone at the scene drew police interest, but due to the events that followed, John Wheeler was not formally implicated in the damage. ↩︎
6. Kathleen Brady Shea and Larry King, “Bizarre final days and hours of John P. Wheeler 3d,” The Philadelphia Inquirer, 6 January 2011. ↩︎
7. Weather Underground, New Castle, DE, 29 December 2010, 6:30 PM, https://www.wunderground.com/history/daily/KILG/date/2010-12-29. ↩︎
8. “Slain official changed clothes before death,” Northern Wyoming News, 8 January 2011. ↩︎
9. These assumptions underpinned this analysis. Other analysts or investigators may have, or choose to examine the case with, a different set of assumptions. ↩︎