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Welcome To The Intelligence Shop

…a site for intelligence analysts. The Shop focuses on the core competencies of the trade: researching and collecting data sets, analyzing, and writing. Although most topics are geared toward the intelligence professional, there is also information of interest to anyone seeking to improve critical thinking skills.

Thank you for visiting. I hope you find your time is well spent.

New! In November 2025, a section dedicated to crime analysis was added. Posts on this page relate to analytical techniques applied to cold cases and unsolved crimes.

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Judy Bradford Smith: Using “Imperfect” Sources To Support Your Analysis

The Judy Bradford Smith case presented challenges that called for the use of some source documents that would not typically meet the standard for intelligence work. Here, the lesson is not “avoid weak sources.” Instead, it is to grade citations and disclose the level to which the information can be verified so your audience has the information it needs to judge the soundness of your findings. Methodology and Scope This case study is an educational demonstration of structured intelligence analysis using publicly available information. It is not an official investigative finding and reflects the evidence available at the time of publication.…

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Major intelligence failures are usually caused by failures of analysis, not failures of collection. Relevant information is discounted, misinterpreted, ignored, rejected or overlooked because it fails to fit a prevailing mental model or mind-set.

Richards J. Heuer, The Psychology Of Intelligence Analysis

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Analysis Is The Difference Between Informal And Formal Problem Solving

Analysis is what separates informal from formal problem solving. This diagram shows the difference. You can see hypotheses and evidence are processed very differently. Take a look at the first triangle. Here, we begin to form a single explanation as soon as we encounter a data set or scenario. The “support” for it comes consciously…

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Inverted Pyramid: The Format For Intelligence Products

Formal intelligence products follow the same basic format, an inverted pyramid. Agencies have their own templates—sometimes multiple templates to fit different types of intelligence products—but all place the most important information at the top, followed by supportive analysis and facts. The overall presentation is sometimes referred to as the “bottom line up front,” or BLUF.…

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Intelligence Gaps: The Known Unknowns

Intelligence gaps are the spaces in our understanding of a matter. They represent information that is not available for one reason or another, but if it were available, we could offer decision makers a more comprehensive and accurate analysis. In some cases, gaps can be filled by tasking investigators to reach out to their sources.…

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How To Write An Intelligence Question

Revised 29 January 2022 A good intelligence question leads naturally to an analytical thesis. It is distinguished from a research question in that a research question elicits facts; an intelligence question elicits analysis. The answer to an intelligence question offers a “what” and a “so what.” The “what” is a factual statement that might derive…

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Hugues De La Plaza: An Analysis Of Murder Vs. Suicide

The case of Hugues de la Plaza shows formal analytical techniques originally developed for use in intelligence analysis are equally effective in crime analysis. Methodology and Scope This case study is an educational demonstration of structured intelligence analysis using publicly available information. It is not an official investigative finding and reflects the evidence available at…

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The Format Of The Analytical Statement: What/So What?

Intelligence analysis is the interpretation of facts. Analysts examine a scenario or data set, put the facts into context, add perspective, and explain to a decision maker why it all matters. The written format of an analytical statement is sometimes described as the “what/so what?” The “what” is the fact; the “so what” is its…

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